What is azotemia in chronic renal failure

He or she may also ask you to save your urine for a hour period, in order to monitor how much creatinine is in your urine during a hour period. Your doctor or healthcare provider may order some tests to evaluate your kidneys and bladder.

He or she may order: An ultrasound of your kidneys An x-ray of your kidneys, ureter and bladder KUB He or she may place a tube in your bladder called a catheter , if you are not urinating, to see if there is a obstruction with urine behind the blockage, or if you are not making any urine at all Follow all of your health care provider's instructions.

Make sure that with each medication that you are given to take, your doctor or health care provider is aware of your kidney disease. Avoid any drugs that may cause you to have further symptoms of kidney problems.

You may be advised to follow a "renal diet". This includes foods that are low in sodium, potassium, magnesium and protein. Reading the labels on food is helpful to know what kinds of calories, fat and protein you are taking in. Discuss this with your healthcare provider. Some general recommendations include: Limit Carbohydrates - Carbohydrates, either simple such as fruit and sugar or complex, such as pasta and cereals , have the greatest impact on blood sugar levels, which is important if you have kidney problems due to your diabetes.

In addition, excess carbohydrates that we take into our bodies are also converted into fat. Avoid sugar, and instead, use artificial sweeteners, such as nutrasweet, aspartame, or saccharin, to help you lose weight, or maintain your current weight.

Protein - Foods that are high in protein include all kinds of meats. Long-term damage to your kidneys may be corrected by restricting protein, if you are diabetic, or experiencing symptoms of kidney problems. Increase fresh vegetables and fiber intake - Up to 55 grams of fiber per day is recommended. Fiber and fresh vegetables help to maintain regular bowel habits, and may prevent certain cancers.

However, you should avoid foods that are high in potassium and magnesium, if you are having kidney problems.

Foods that are high in potassium include most fresh fruits and vegetables. Some specific examples include: Oranges and orange juice Leafy green vegetables, such as spinach and greens collard and kale Potatoes There are many types of "good and bad" fats. The easiest thing to remember is to limit your intake of saturated fats and oils. Avoid excess magnesium in your diet, often found in laxatives such as milk of magnesia , or antacids unless specified by your healthcare provider.

Drugs That May Be Prescribed By Your Doctor For Azotemia: Depending on your overall health status, your doctor may recommend that certain drugs be used to treat or prevent your symptoms of kidney problems.

Some of the common drugs may include: Amifostine - Your doctor or health care provider may prescribe this medication to decrease toxicity with repeated doses of Cisplatin chemotherapy.

If your blood sugar levels are not under good control, you may be ordered to take insulin alone, or in addition to an oral anti-diabetic agent. Insulin injections may be temporary, while you are first diagnosed, or they may need to be continued for a longer period of time. Your health care provider will determine this.

Side effects of these medications may vary, but most include low blood sugar levels, weight loss, and improvement in your blood cholesterol levels. Some may cause slight nausea or loss of appetite, or diarrhea and bowel disturbances. It is important to follow your health care provider's recommendations for taking these pills. When to Contact Your Doctor or Health Care Provider: If you begin urinating less frequently, or if your urine is dark, cloudy, or painful.

Any unusual bleeding or bruising; black or tarry stools, or blood in your stools or urine Diarrhea episodes in a hour period , especially if it is becoming worse Nausea interferes with ability to eat and unrelieved with prescribed medications. Vomiting vomiting more than times in a hour period. Dizziness or lightheadedness, "feeling faint", especially if severe. Any new rashes on your skin, itchy skin. Any unusual swelling in your feet and legs, or weight gain of greater than 3 to 5 pounds in 1 week.

Fever of Pathophysiology and etiology of acute kidney injury. Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap Okusa MD, Portilla D. Pathophysiology of acute kidney injury. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. Wolfson AB. Renal failure. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Editorial team. Prerenal azotemia. Prerenal azotemia is an abnormally high level of nitrogen waste products in the blood. Prerenal azotemia is common, especially in older adults and in people who are in the hospital.

Any condition that reduces blood flow to the kidney may cause it, including: Burns Conditions that allow fluid to escape from the bloodstream Long-term vomiting, diarrhea, or bleeding Heat exposure Decreased fluid intake dehydration Loss of blood volume Certain medicines, such as ACE inhibitors drugs that treat heart failure or high blood pressure and NSAIDs Conditions in which the heart cannot pump enough blood or pumps blood at a low volume also increase the risk for prerenal azotemia.

These conditions include: Heart failure Shock septic shock It can also be caused by conditions that interrupt blood flow to the kidney, such as: Certain types of surgery Injury to the kidney Blockage of the artery that supplies blood to the kidney renal artery occlusion. Symptoms of dehydration may be present and include any of the following: Confusion Decreased or no urine production Dry mouth due to thirst Fast pulse Fatigue Pale skin color Swelling.

Exams and Tests. They can also cause a significant quantity of nitrogen-containing byproducts to be released by the dying cancer cells. Your oncologist will monitor your kidneys and ammonia level with regular tests. If needed, your doctor may be able to adjust or try different chemotherapy medications if your kidneys are affected. With this in mind, some of the treatments may include:. Those with kidney disease or other kidney issues can develop prerenal azotemia.

Other complications may include:. Prerenal azotemia in pregnancy can cause acute kidney injury and jeopardize the health of the baby and the mother. If you have any symptoms of kidney disease or injury, you should see a medical professional immediately or call During these checkups, your doctor will take routine blood and urine lab tests.

These tests will help them find any issues with your kidneys early, before any outward symptoms are noticeable. If caught early, many forms of azotemia are treatable and manageable.

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